Ecs Preferential Banana Importation Treatment - 2114 Words

EC-BANANAS III The case concerns the ECÊ ¼s preferential banana importation treatment to certain African, Caribbean and Paciï ¬ c (ACP) countries. The Appellate Body upheld the panel’s ruling that the ECÊ ¼s regime for importation, sale and distribution of bananas was inconsistent with certain GATT Articles.17) Ecuador, one of the complaining countries, sought to retaliate against the EC when the latter was found, by a compliance panel under DSU Article 21.5, to have failed to implement the DSB rulings. The crucial element in Ecuador’s request was that it was the ï ¬ rst case where a complaining party requested to retaliate under the TRIPS Agreement. The arbitration panel found that Ecuador could request authorization to suspend its concessions or other obligations in certain sectors under the TRIPS Agreement, with the level not exceeding US $201.6 million per year. Although DSU has usually made it easier for disputes to be resolved rapidly, EC-Bananas is an exception to this experience. The EU kept prolonging the dispute by repeatedly reforming its banana regime without making it fully WTO compliant, thus provoking renewed consultations and litigation after each reform. Ecuador and its developing country co-plaintiffs were unable to force the EU into compliance. This may partly be due to the fact that Ecuador did not make use of its cross-retaliation rights granted by the DSB in 2000. Even retaliation to its full potential by Ecuador may not have succeeded in bringing about EU

Terrorist Attacks on the United States - 1994 Words

â€Å"The September 11 attacks changed many aspects of American life and governmental policies† (September 11 Terrorist Attacks on the United States). It all started on September 11, 2001 in New York. 9/11 made history with its tremendous destruction and deaths. Many people were killed in the collapse of the World Trade Center Towers, additionally those who jumped down from stories above and the hundreds who asphyxiated in the massive smoke that had spread from New York to Washington D.C.. Many Americans from that day on have sorrow and barren feelings from losing their loved ones. Many people do not realize how strongly their opinions have affected not only the country but other countries additionally. Many citizens who walk the streets†¦show more content†¦There is more anger in America when 9/11 happened. If I were dressed in a burqa would I be accused of being a terrorist? Will I be without any rights and be stopped at the airport? Will people be offended and say get out of America? Being in other people’s shoes and seeing what they have been through is what America needed to see. Not all Muslims or any other race dressed in burqas and other religious outfits are terrorists. America needs to see and open their eyes and give other people chances. Furthermore, September 11 impact opened our mouth but by doing so it has shut down our hearts of being a real citizen and showing others from different countries that we are no different and crucial from the people they try to escape to find freedom in America. September 11 was an organized plan created by the Al-Qaeda and their leader, Osama bin Laden, for the United States. The morning of September 11, 2001, 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists had taken over four commercial passenger jet airliners. Hijackers used box cutter knives as weapons to take control over the passengers on the airplanes. In an article called â€Å"September 11 Terrorist Attacks on the United States† which mentions hijackers names â€Å"Satam M.A, Waleed M., Wail M., Mohamed Atta, and Abdulaziz Alomari† are the hijackers who calculatedly crashed American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. American Airlines Flight 11 carried 92 passengersShow MoreRelatedThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2001 terrorist attack in the United States had negative social and economic effects in the country and generally stirred the peace of the citizens. Terrorism is a major threat to any sovereign country in the world including the United States where. There are other threats that influence the comfort and the interests of the residents of the United States in varying measures (Decker, 2001). The Department of Homeland Security is tasked with the protection of the people from any activity that influencesRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States2247 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"9/11†-the terrorist attacks that took place on September 11, 2001- many Americans, officials such as the local Police Departments, Fire Fighters, the government and the President of the United States all shared one main priority and thought. That thought, concern and priority was to combat terrorism in the United States and avoid something this immense from happening ever again. Many others prior to 9/11 never thought the day would come in which they would witness such terrorist attacks to this countryRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States1453 Words   |  6 Pages 2001, alleged Al-Qaeda members attacked the United States of America with four passenger planes, Boeing 757s. Two planes flew into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one plane flew into the Pentagon, and the remaining plane was possibly targeting the White House but was unsuccessful. People all over America felt an utter shock and disbelief after this tragic event as people demanded answers. After the terrorist attacks, a portion of Americans started to believe inRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States Essay2060 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Living the United State when one thinks of a terrorist attacks often their mind will first go to a larger scale attack such as the events of September 11th 2001. â€Å"September 11, 2001 changed the United States forever, the terrorist attack that day marked a dramatic escalation in a trend toward more destructive terrorist attacks which began in the 1980s. It also reflected a trend toward more indiscriminate targeting among international terrorists. The vast majority of the more than 3Read MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States Essay2177 Words   |  9 PagesFailures Pre- 9/11 Before the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001 in the United States, the CIA was very aware of Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups who’s aim was to target the United States. The CIA became aware of Al Qaeda when they were tracking Osama Bin Laden in 1991 for financing terrorist attacks. As previously discussed, the CIA followed Bin Laden to Afghanistan where they eventually declared war on him. In 1999 the CIA was aware of and defeated Bin Laden operativesRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States1298 Words   |  6 Pagesaims. There have been numerous different terrorist attacks on the United States in all the years, but 9/11 is by far the worst. On September 11, 2001, around 8:45 a.m., something that will live in the memories of others forever. With around 3,000 fatalities and millions of people affected by this disaster it would be day that is never forgotten. A terrorist group, led by Osama Bin Laden, known as Al Qaeda teamed up with the Taliban to plan these awful attacks. Bin Laden was a millionaire’s son andRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks Of The United States1968 Words   |  8 Pagesworst attacks the United States has ever experienced. Many factors made the terrorist attacks of September 11th a day that is permanently etched into the hearts and minds of Americans. Nineteen radicals linked to the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda gained control over four airplanes and carried out attacks against targets in the United States on 9/11. (History.com Authors) Their leader, Osama Bin Laden, and his followers viciously opposed the United States. In al-Qaeda’s opinion, the United StatesRead MoreTerrorist Attacks And Its Impact On The United States Of America Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pages11th 2001, a series of ‘terrorist attacks’ struck the main cities of the United States of America. This is more commonly known as 9/11, hence the 11th of September. The story of this incident is that these deadly attacks were performed by Al Qaeda extremists. This event has been recorded in the pages of history as a clear act of terrorism war and has impacted many people’s daily lives, even here in New Zealand. But was it really these extremists who attacked the United States of America, or was itRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United Sta tes Of Homeland Security2742 Words   |  11 PagesSeptember 21st, 2001 only eleven days after 911, a day that will go down in infamy because of the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge was appointed as the first Director of the Office of Homeland Security. The nation fell to pieces after this horrible attack. Just shy of 3,000 people lost their lives, and thousands of families lost loved ones. Never before had the United States lived in such fear and uncertainty. Something needed to be done, and it had to happen quicklyRead MoreThe Security Administration ( Tsa ) / 11 Terrorist Attacks On The United States1802 Words   |  8 PagesOur society today has transformed in ways that our Founding Fathers would have never expected. Life changing events such as 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States has set the tone in how our government responds to such horror. It has put the entire nation on an edge and citizens feel the insecurity of their gover nment and fear for their safety. Every individual was scrutinized, but some were looked at more closely than others due to their sex, race, and religious background. Government has

Ethics of Us Army Free Essays

ETHICAL CULTURE AUDIT of the United States Army By: Andrew Driscoll March 16, 2013 Each soldier in the United States Army, or any military service, will have very different experiences with the ethical culture of their unit. Is this experience due to the organizational culture or how its leaders operate within that culture that creates such an unique experience for every soldier? The point is that if you ask 10 soldiers to conduct an ethical culture audit of the military, I believe you will get 10 different answers that fall on all points on the continuum. Responses that the Army is highly ethical would come from soldiers who have â€Å"internalized cultural expectations† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics of Us Army or any similar topic only for you Order Now 152). Since the Army has such a strong culture, ethical or not, there are always going to be individuals who fight that culture and resist the â€Å"internalization† of some or all the values. Typically these soldiers separate from the military during their initial training or when their first time commitment is up, usually 2-3 years. From my experience the United States Army has a highly ethical culture. One could sight any of several dozen scandals or investigations from Abu Grhaib prison abuse to the 101st Airborne soldiers raping and killing a family of five in Iraq to counter my assessment. But, I argue that these incidents occurred in spite of the strong culture, where a combination of â€Å"individual character traits† (p. 198) and/or trauma suffered in combat operations caused unethical behavior contrary to the ethical training they received. To help prevent such incidents and also study behavior the US Army has developed the Center for the Army Profession and Ethic. Since 2008 the Army has incorporated the research from this organization and trained its mid-level leaders to implement its findings at the unit level. To have a highly ethical organization, you need leadership that is committed to continuous improvement and not complacent with the current culture. In an organization with over 500,000 active soldiers the mentality has to be, there is always room for improvement. This mentality of continuous improvement must also come from the leadership of the military to be effective and implemented. Similar to Kelleher’s philosophy of â€Å"serving the needs of employees† (p. 156), the Army has a strong tradition of taking care of soldiers and their families so they can take care of the country. The leadership of the Army has set up and participates in numerous programs to assist soldiers with any issue from financial to marital problems. I completed my undergraduate education in Finance and then joined the military. I had no idea how to do my taxes and the Army taught me, not a $100,000 plus education. Once I knew how to do my taxes, as a junior leader I was required to assist my soldiers. Formal leadership in the military is prominent, from the understanding the Uniform Code of military Justice, to daily corrective actions for very minor offenses that in other organizations would probably go unnoticed. This relationship tends to be very formal as all rules and regulations are written down and trained during your initial 12 weeks of basic training. The leader is also responsible for continuous training to include a weekly briefing on good decision making when off duty. The informal aspect is very unique for each leader, it typically comes from written policies that the leader permits his soldiers to dis-obey. Whether it is early dismissal on Friday, or a motto against regulations, it builds a trust a with soldiers that their leader is on their side as well. Except in extreme cases such as the Abu Grhaib prison unit, I have found that the informal systems are in alignment with the formal ones and where they differentiate are so minor that it does not cause issues. The best way to summarize ethical leadership is to know that soldiers react to your actions more than they do your words. A common Army Office motto is â€Å"Lead by Example. This motto best prevents â€Å"hypocritical leadership† (p. 162). To get the right type of leadership in the Army, recruiters look at every candidate with the SAL method, Student, Athlete, Leader. Candidates are given a score based on GPA, sports, clubs and leadership rolls held. The Army has historically not allowed individuals with a history of crime, drug abuse or cheating in, but due to recruitment issues they have started to waive some requireme nts to meet goals. This shift has been criticized and said to have diminished the quality of the US soldier. It was interesting to see making goals or the number this as the main reason to waive values in Aaron’s speech this week. It appears no organization is free of the pressure to perform on a quantitative measure regardless of the effect to values. Selection for promotion in the Army is also very rigorous and has a set of standards that are very consistent. This prevents fraud and any possible quid pro quo from occurring. For General officers their appointments have to be confirmed by Congress and top secret security clearance requires a polygraph test. This ensures that the nations military decision makers and individuals with information can be trusted and have been vetted. The US Army’s values, mission statement and policies are simple but have withstood the test of time. The mission of winning the nation’s wars has remained constant, but Congress has added sub-statements to ensure responsibility and protection of the American people. In history winning at all cost was commonplace for the military especially in WWII. Since then collateral damage and fratricide are no longer acceptable consequences to accomplish the mission. The values of the military (leadership, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage) are instilled from day one, and put on your chest right next to your dog tags for every day there after. It is these values that help leaders and soldiers accomplish the mission with the best course of action, rather than the quickest or most definitive. As for policies, the military has a policy for how to do just about everything. The UCMJ is just the tip of policies in the US Army. Every branch, every machine, every unit has a manual to dictate policy. Very rarely does a situation occur in peacetime in the military that there is not a written policy to follow. Ethics training starts before day one in the military. Before you report to initial training you take an oath of office or enlistment that defines your roll in the military and commitment to uphold the constitution. Everyday of 12 weeks in basic training you recite the values and Ethos of the Army. In the past there had been issues that units did not operate according to individual training, so over the last decade all training programs have been updated to ensure the best possible replication of how the â€Å"real† Army is. Companies seek soldiers after their service for one main reason, they have had the best training in their field possible, and I believe this is holds true for values as well. Performance management in the military is very structured. There is a system in place and the only thing preventing a soldier from getting a fair and thorough evaluation is their own failure to self evaluate. Each unit has very different performance tasks to evaluate, but all soldiers are evaluated on the seven values of the Army at least twice a year. There is also reverse evaluations where soldiers have the opportunity to critique their leaders. Lastly after every mission the Army conducts and after action review where everyone can provide input. There is always a mandatory three positive comments period and three improves to ensure continuous improvement while remaining positive. For most situations the military has set up a structure where it is impossible to cheat on evaluations. Whether the tasks are team or individualized, the test results are hard to accomplish without actually doing the work. The key to performance management in the military is that the soldier knows what is expected of him or her and the consequences of not meeting those expectations, similar to how Joe Paterno treated his organization. The Army’s Organization structure is outlined by the chain of command. When to go above or around the chain of command is clearly defined in UCMJ as well as when you are authorized to dis-obey an order from that chain of command. While it is easy to say it is all written down, application in combat is the real test. The leadership in the organization will determine whether it works in the field or not. Soldiers can not be fearful of reporting wrong doing or negative results, and that comes down to their leaders to ensure what is written is implemented. The Military’s decision making process (MDMP) is a 300 plus page manual of which I took a one month long course on learning the process. This process rivals six-sigma for in depth analyzing a problem and how to take the best course of action. The best example I can provide is that MDMP alone and how it relates to ethical culture in the military could be a five-page introduction. The Informal cultural system of the Army is the one that is most portrayed in the movies and stories, from Code Reds in â€Å"A Few Good Men,† to the heroics of the Band of Brothers in WWII these are the moments that soldiers live for. We spoke of the formal evaluation system, but the informal bond between leaders and soldiers is what really makes a soldier perform his duties to the best of his ability. Heroes are both formally and informally recognized. For every Medal of Honor winner there are 100 soldiers that have done impressive tasks that civilians could only imagine accomplishing. Norms, if they are positive are usually translated into doctrine over time, so most Norms only last a few years until they are wholly accepted. Rituals however are very unit focused and are usually never written down. They are passed from leader to leader as a ritual itself during the change of command. Even today, 5 years removed from the military, the stories we tell amongst military friends are what motivate my actions to do the right thing. When we tell stories, you will immediately notice that we are speaking a language or code that is only understood by a few. Many of our values are questioned from the outside, by the way we speak in jargon or our fondness of tobacco and alcohol, but simply look at the actions of a military person and you will see his own language of values is thru â€Å"deeds not words,† my unit motto. Based on the examples and reading chapter 5, I believe even more so that the Army is a highly ethical organization. Compared to the organizations in the reading and the others I have worked for, there is no group who puts more time and effort to ensuring values in its actions and people than the US Army. While there are individuals who stray from the Army values, typically in their informal leadership methods, as a whole the formal and informal culture of the US Army are complimentary and exist to best promote the welfare of the Untied States. It is hard to criticize something you love, and that has been developing and evolving continuously over 200 years by some of the greatest leaders the World has ever seen. There is one key element to ensure the ethical culture environment of the US Army, to recruit personnel at the highest level possible. The Army cannot waiver in its recruitment of new soldiers to â€Å"meet the numbers. † Lowering the requirements for entry will only weaken the organization’s culture and ethical standards. There are always other areas fro improvement, but this one area is more important than all the others combined. I Andrew S. Driscoll affirm that I have neither given, utilized, received or witnessed unauthorized aid on this deliverable and have completed this work honestly and according to the professor’s guidelines. How to cite Ethics of Us Army, Essay examples

Developing an Advertisement Design

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping an Advertisement Design. Answer: Introduction Johnson Johnson Company (J J) is one of the most famous Baby brand producing products (oil skin) that clean and clear spots. The company is well known across United Kingdom and United States of America. It rose to fame in the 1990s when it realized that its expertise in babies skin may offer credibility to other skin care products. The company therefore decided to come up with a number of sub brands under the same name (Johnson name) and targeted people at different stages (Belch Belch, 2015). This is where teenage girls came in and later the company started to bank on them as the sole costumers to its product. Purpose or Objectives of Johnson and Johnson Advertising Campaign in Measurable Terms The purpose or the objectives of the subject company in measurable terms was to become the first in ranking with respect to skin care brand. This it planned to achieve through increasing the product value and quality as well as producing a list of skin care brands for the teenage girls to clear spots (Booth Koberg, 2012). The other was to become one of the most popular brands that have got medicinal input among female teenagers. This was majorly because it is the medicinal substances that were going to clear the spots that may occur on the ladies skins. The final objective was to ensure an establishment of relationship between the company and the teenage girls. This was mainly aimed at establishing loyalty to Johnson Johnson for as long as they live. In order for the company to achieve the above objectives in measurable terms, it had the task of encouraging the subject girls to believe in them and convince them, that they understood the girls needs. Commenting on the Feasibility of the Subject Companies Objective with Regards to Budgets, Time and also Market Factors Feasibility in simple terms refers to the state or the degree of something to be done with ease. The feasibility on the subject in view of budget, time and market factor was possible only if a number of plans were developed. For example, market factor was dependant on the laid strategy that the company was going to use to outdo other companies with the similar product brand. In every market there has to be competitors and every competitor will always want to be at the peak. This is the basic reason why between 1992 to 1996, Johnson Johnson Company was still not able to take the top position due to poor promotional strategies. The feasibility of time and budget were achievable since there was enough time spans for the company to improve its dealings and rise to the top. That on budget was also possible since the company had laid strategies for improvements with an inclusion of the budget. Difference Between American Consumer Responses and British Responses American consumer responded positively and the Girls talking worked perfectly well with them and therefore, there was much sale made whereas the response of British consumers was negative since they never saw something good in the advertisements made. This therefore reduced sale among the British consumers (Brown, 2011). One Legal or Ethical Issue that would arose in the Course of the Campaign directed towards Teenage Girls One of the ethical concerns that would have arisen during the campaign would have been on the teenage girls were assisting in promotional activities ensuring that they operate within the legal policies and not violating any promotional laws. Summary on how J J Allocated Resources The first resource allocation by the subject company was on the buying of company name from Revlon in 1991, the other resource allocation was on achieving its strategies for achieving objectives. Much of which went to advertisements and also products promotion, this is the area where consumers in both America and Britain were also generalized since they were targeted through advertisements (Szetela Kerschbaum, 2010). Describing Campaign Length, Service Providers Chosen, Time Frames and Milestones chosen in this Particular Case Study The campaign length of J J Company in respect to its product was seven years. This is because the launch of the company name under clean and care that was bought from Revlon was in 1991. This is when it began its campaign till 1998 when it was able to achieve its objective of being the best in ranking. The service provider chosen by the subject company were mainly confident teenage girls who ensured that the company achieves it goal. This they did by engaging in promotional activities among other things of services to entice majority of teenage girls across Britain and U.S. to buy the brand (Anderson North Seattle Community College, 1975). The detailed response provided, goes hand in hand with time frame and answers the aspect of milestone as well. Answers or Responses to what should be included in the Marketing Plan Meeting Organizational and Marketing Objectives and Incorporating Marketing Approaches and Strategic Marketing Mix. The marketing plan of Johnson Johnson Company explores at a greater extent the number of objectives as well as its marketing approaches and not also excluding the marketing strategic mix. Some of its grand objectives includes; striving and raising to being one of the best dealing brand, consolidating a great number of consumer and finally establishing good rapport with consumers. Major marketing approach for this is on monopolizing the marketing field by the wide variety of brand product produced. Finally the strategic marketing mix as indicated in the diagram mainly provides a guideline on how the plan will be explored. Rationale for the Mentioned and Information that Supports the Choice of Strategies and Tactics The major rationale is to ensure that the performance of the company is at a better position and can maintain its pace of value addition. Presentation of the Plan in Time Frame and Particular Format The subject presentation is in the table of marketing plan below with the required time frame and the format that has been adopted from the Australian Marketing Plan Template. Showing How Adjustments have been made in Response to offering Feedback to Key Stakeholders for Implementation within the Required Time The adjustments made in line with the marketing plan in question are in reference with the time frame the company is to start operation and the time of implementation. It is after Implementation is done with when feedback will be provided. The details of the same are summarized in the template below. Marketing Plan of a Company of My Choice Johnson Johnson Company Management Plan Question Explanation More information Companys name Johnson Johnson Company Visit our Companys website (1) Companys objective To be the best in dealing brand Consolidate a great number of consumers in the market. Establish good rapport with consumers Visit our Business objective topic Companys strategy Using promotional services like the social media Coming up with discounts that will still leave the company having its profit to attract consumers Providing a wide variety of products related to the brand. Visit our Company strategy topic. Answer for number 1) Still, Marketing approaches as well as strategic marketing mix Monopolizing the marketing field by the wide variety of brand product produced Examine our performance in the stock exchange market Financial details for the plan An approximate of 3million dollars to be used in strategy application See our company financial books. It can be accessed through our major branches. Number 2) Rationale for business objectives The main rationale is to ensure that the performance of the company is at a better position and can maintain its pace of value addition Refer to our strategy reference within the marketing plan Answer for Number 4) Adjustments made in response to feedback from key stakeholders By the second and third year, there should be results seen (positive results) Fourth year of companies operation, financial analysis. An adjustment of two years is provided, then on the seventh year, response made to key stakeholders Visit of major offices Answer for Number 3) Time frame The first strategy to be executed between the first and second year, the second and third strategy should be realized by forth year. Implementation of the strategies should begin immediately the company begins operation but response to be made on the seventh year to key stakeholders You can go through the companys overview book Note; The table represents the format that has been adopted from the Australian Template thus answering question 3 that is also pegged to Time Frame. References Anderson, V. F., North Seattle Community College. (1975). Revival of Political Americana: An Analytical Review of the Organizationof Candidates' Fair '72. Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A. (2015). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. Booth, D., Koberg, C. (2012). Display advertising: An hour a day. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley. Brown, B. C. (2011). How to use the Internet to advertise, promote and market your business or website-- with little or no money. Ogden, J. R., Rarick, S. (2010). The entrepreneur's guide to advertising. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. Pride, W. M., Hughes, R. J., Kapoor, J. R. (2010). Business. Australia: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Szetela, D., Kerschbaum, J. (2010). Pay-per-click search engine marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley.